It’s not just about listening. It’s about how you listen. It’s about Active listening.
Your ability to communicate effectively with your children is one of the most precious skills you can develop to achieve this goal. When we think of communication, we tend to think only of the way we can express ourselves. While that is certainly important, listening is the single most crucial of all communication skills. It’s particularly frustrating when they aren’t talking to you and equally frustrating for your children when you aren’t listening.
1. Make Your Children Your Focus
Give your children your full attention. I know that this is a toughie, because we tend to be so busy. It seems as if we are always multi-tasking. However, it is important in clear communicating that you make a point of stopping what you are doing and really listen to your children (rather than just hearing them).
When you give your children your undivided attention, they will know that you care, because you took the time to listen, thereby increasing the chances that they will listen to you. You will also find out what is going on in their lives outside of home.
2. Get the Details
Hear what your Child is really saying! Children tend to give terse answers to questions, leaving out details that may be important. It’s up to you to be able to get them to open up and draw them into a conversation.
Here is an example:
Child: “I hate my teacher!”
Parent: “Oh, you don’t really mean that!”
Child: “Yes, I do. I double hate him!”
Parent: “Well, I don’t want to hear that kind of talk. I am sure you don’t really hate him!”
Child: “Yes, I do so. I hate all teachers!”
Parent: “Do you think hating your teachers is going to get you a good mark?”
And on and on the arguing goes….
Here’s an alternative:
Child: “I hate my teacher!”
Parent: “Wow, you don’t normally hate anybody. What did he do to get you talking like that?”
Child: “A couple of kids didn’t have their homework finished again today, so he decided to punish all of us by giving us a math test tomorrow!”
Parent: “That doesn’t sound very fair!”
Child: “No, it isn’t fair at all. I wanted to go over to Jennifer’s tonight to hang out and listen to music. Instead I have to study for that stupid test. I am so mad at my teacher! He ruins everything!”
Parent: (Just listening.)
This Child was able to express herself, and she felt validated by her parent.
You will notice that the parent didn’t argue about the feelings the Child had. The parent listened and was not judgmental. You don’t have to agree with your teen’s feelings. You only need to acknowledge them. There is no such thing as a wrong feeling. We can’t help what our Children may feel. We should set limits, however, on behaviors that don’t conform to what we consider to be appropriate behavior.
Expressing one’s feelings is a healthy thing; although negative expressions of one’s feelings should be avoided, such as screaming or name calling. A good way to avoid this is using time-outs–wait and continue the conversation when everybody has calmed down.
3. Open-Ended Questions
Questions can be crucial to communicating with your Children. Ask questions that they can’t answer with only a yes or a no.
For example in the above scenario the parent could ask the teen, “What could you do to help your teacher change his mind about the test?”
Child: “I am not sure. This guy is so stubborn!”
Parent: “What if you talk to him and come up with better ways for him to deal with the kids that aren’t doing their homework?”
Child: “Mmhhh, maybe I could give it a try.”
4. Criticize Behavior, Not Your Child
Moving from the listening to the talking part of communication, your focus shifts. When you want to see a change in your Childs’ behavior, using the following structure can be very helpful. “When you______, I feel______, because I need______.” This wording (known as “I“ message) doesn’t attack your Children’ personality. Instead it merely talks about an action of theirs that you’d like to change and why.
Here is a scenario you might relate to: The chores were not done. Your Child went out instead. This example does not show the best way of communicating. It is a personal attack and makes statements you may not stick to anyway.
Parent: “You didn’t do your chores! You are such a lazy slob! You never do your chores, and I always have to do them for you. Next time you don’t do them, I am going to ground you for a week!
Child: (Feels pretty lousy.)
Now here is an example using the “I” technique:
Parent: “When you didn’t do your chores before going out, I felt really mad. We had an agreement about chores being done before going out, and I need you to do
your part of the chores, or I am stuck doing them for you.”
Child: (Thinking.) “I guess that makes sense.”
Remember when you start a sentence with
“You are such and such,” you aren’t
communicating. You are criticizing!
5. Let the Consequence Fit the Action
A fairly big problem that parents run into is looking for suitable punishment for broken rules. However, the penalty applied usually isn’t related to the Childs’ action. As parents, we need to show our Children that each choice they make has consequences, but the discipline needs to be appropriate.
Parents tend to punish their Children by taking away something the adolescent enjoys, for example no TV for a week. Let’s take the earlier example of the chores not being done, such as the laundry left in a heap. It would be more beneficial to the development of your Child if you base the penalty on a natural connection between his action and the punishment. A good way of showing the consequences to his action in this instance would be having him do your laundry as well as his next time, since you had to do his this time. When following such a step, you are practicing “silent communication”. This means letting him experience the natural consequences of his actions. This technique speaks louder than any words ever could. It illustrates to all people that they will be held accountable for what they do.
As they grow, Children tend to receive more privileges from parents. It is important for them to realize that more responsibility goes along with the extra freedom.
6. Using Descriptive Praise
We all praise our Child sometimes. We tell them, “You are a smart kid.” Perhaps you might say, “You are a good piano player.” We mean well, but unfortunately this kind of praise doesn’t bring the desired effect of making your Child feel good about himself. Why is that? It is because what we are doing is evaluating their actions. With this type of praise, we aren’t giving evidence to support our claims, and this makes the praise fall flat and seem empty and unconvincing.
We need to describe in detail what they are doing. As your Child recognizes the truth in your words, he can then evaluate his actions and credit himself where he feels the praise has merit.
Here is an example with evaluating praise:
Child: “Hey, Ma, I got a 90 on my geometry test!”
Parent: “Fantastic! You are a genius!”
Child: (Thinking) “I wish. I only got it ’cause Paul helped me study. He is the genius.”
Here is an example with descriptive praise:
Child: “Hey, Ma, I got a 90 on my geometry test!”
Parent: “You must be so pleased. You did a lot of studying for that test!”
Child: (Thinking) “I can really do geometry when I work at it!”
Describing your Children’ action rather than evaluating them with an easy “good” or “great” or labeling them with “slow learner” or “scatterbrain” isn’t easy to do at first, because we are all unaccustomed to doing that. However, once you get into the habit of looking carefully at your teen’s action and putting into words what you see, you will do it more and more easily and with growing pleasure.
Adolescents need the kind of emotional nourishment that will help them become independent, creative thinkers and doers, who aren’t looking to others for approval all the time. With this sort of praise, Children will trust themselves, and they won’t need everybody else’s opinion to tell them how they are doing.
Another challenging problem concerns when and how we criticize our Children. Instead of pointing out what’s wrong with your teen’s actions, try describing what is right followed by what still needs doing.
Example: Your Child hasn’t done his laundry yet.
Parent: “How is the laundry coming?
Child: “I am working on it.”
Parent: “I see that you picked up your clothes in your room and in the family room and put it in the hamper. You are half way there.”
This parent talks with encouragement, acknowledging what has been done so far, rather then pointing out what hasn’t been done yet.
Active listening opens the gate for better communication and a better relationship with your children. They will talk to you about anything once this is mastered.